AE Prutah

Struck: 40 – 4 B.C.
Mint: Jerusalem
Size: 14.6mm
Weight: 1.80g
Die Axis: 180°
Grade: Choice VF
Ref: Hendin 500

Obv: Anchor. HPWΔ BACI.
Rev: Double cornucopia with caduceus between; three dots above.
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Herod was born around 74 B.C. in Idumea and was a Roman client King of Judea from 37 to 4 B.C. He has been described as a madman who murdered his own family, and a ruler of ruthless ambition. He was also the greatest builder in Judean history. Herod is responsible for several massive construction projects including the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, the port at Caesarea, water supply projects and several fortresses including the famous hilltop stronghold of Masada.

In regards to the success of his administration, there are mixed interpretations. In The Jewish War by Josephus, his rule is generally regarded favorably and given the benefit of the doubt for the infamous events that took place during his reign. However, in Josephus’s later work, Josephus emphasizes the tyrannical authority that many scholars have come to associate with Herod’s reign. Herod’s tyranny has been demonstrated by many of his security measures aimed at suppressing the contempt many of the people, especially Jews, had towards him. For instance, it has been suggested that Herod used secret police to monitor and report the feelings of the general populace towards him. In order to prevent people from expressing their disdain for him, he sought to prohibit people protesting, and in severe cases, he had people taken away by force.

In the New Testament, Herod is blamed for the Massacre of the Innocents at Bethlehem. Outside of this source there is no evidence that this actually took place and is not mentioned in any other text. He was however, guilty of many brutal acts including the killing of his wife and two sons.

Herod died in the spring of 4 B.C. The exact cause of death is unknown but Josephus writes that his illness was excruciating. One medical expert believes he died of kidney failure. After his death, the kingdom of Judea was divided by Emperor Augustus into three kingdoms; Judea, Samaria and Idumea. Archaeologists discovered Herod’s tomb in May of 2007.